The Study Classroom

UNIT 14: NANOBIOANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 14.0 Introduction Nanobioanalytical techniques combine nanotechnology and biological analysis to detect, monitor, and understand biological systems at the molecular level. With advancements in miniaturization and sensitivity, these tools are revolutionizing diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and precision biotechnology. This unit explores key nanoscale technologies such as nanopore sequencing, nanowires, nanogold, and optofluidic sensor arrays—highlighting their working principles, synthesis, and environmental applications. 14.1 Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to: Understand the principle and process of nanopore sequencing. Describe nanowires and their synthesis. Explain the properties of nanogold and surface plasmon resonance. Understand nanoscale optofluidic sensors and their functioning. Explore the applications of nanobioanalytical techniques in environmental m...

UNIT 13: MICROARRAYS 13.0 Introduction The rapid advancement of molecular biology and genomics has enabled researchers to study gene expression on a genome-wide scale. Microarray technology is one such powerful tool that allows simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, offering insights into gene function, interaction, and expression patterns under various environmental conditions. This technique has become increasingly valuable in environmental biotechnology for monitoring pollutants, studying microbial communities, and understanding responses to environmental stress. 13.1 Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to: Understand the history and development of DNA microarrays. Explain the steps in preparing DNA microarrays. Identify different types of microarrays. Compare short and long oligonucleotide arrays. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of oligonucleotide arrays. Explore the applications of ...