MEDS 042: Block-5 (Unit 02) – Urban Heritage
UNIT 2: URBAN HERITAGE
2.1 Introduction
Urban
heritage comprises tangible and intangible elements of a city's historical,
cultural, architectural, and social fabric. It reflects the identity, memory,
and evolution of urban communities and requires protection amidst rapid urban
development.
2.2 Heritage: Concept and Meaning
Heritage refers to
the legacy of physical artifacts (built heritage, monuments) and intangible
attributes (traditions, practices) inherited from the past. In the urban
context, it includes historic buildings, cultural landscapes, city layout, and
community practices.
2.3 Types of Urban Heritage
1. Tangible
Heritage: Built structures like forts, palaces, colonial architecture,
religious sites, and marketplaces.
2. Intangible
Heritage: Languages, crafts, music, festivals, rituals, and oral
traditions associated with urban life.
3. Natural
Heritage: Urban parks, sacred groves, riversides, and other ecological
spaces of cultural importance.
4. Cultural
Landscapes: Integration of nature and human activities that have cultural
significance (e.g., ghats, stepwells, hill forts).
2.4 Challenges of Urban Heritage
·
Encroachment and illegal construction
·
Neglect and deterioration of historical sites
·
Urban sprawl and infrastructure development
·
Pollution and environmental degradation
·
Commercialization and loss of authenticity
·
Inadequate awareness and community participation
·
Weak enforcement of heritage protection laws
2.5 Conservation and Rehabilitation of Urban
Heritage
·
Conservation: Protecting
and maintaining the integrity of heritage structures using scientific and
context-specific methods.
·
Rehabilitation: Restoring
decayed urban heritage and integrating it into contemporary city life (e.g.,
adaptive reuse).
Approaches include:
o Documentation
and mapping of heritage sites
o Public-private
partnerships for funding
o Community-based
heritage initiatives
o Use of
traditional materials and techniques
o Integration
with tourism and urban planning
2.6 Urban Heritage Policies
·
National Policies: Indian
National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Sites and Remains Act (1958), AMASR Amendment Acts.
·
State/Local Policies: Urban local
bodies often implement building regulations and special area preservation
policies.
·
International Conventions: UNESCO
World Heritage Sites, 1972 Convention on World Cultural and Natural Heritage,
ICOMOS Charters.
2.7 Let Us Sum Up
Urban
heritage is a vital part of a city's identity and sustainability. Preserving it
requires a balance between conservation and development, backed by policy,
community engagement, and innovation in urban planning.
2.8 Keywords
- Urban Heritage: Cultural
and historical assets found within urban environments.
- Tangible Heritage: Physical
artifacts like buildings, monuments, and infrastructure.
- Intangible Heritage:
Non-physical traditions such as festivals, crafts, and oral culture.
- Cultural Landscapes: Interaction
zones of cultural and natural elements with historical value.
- Conservation: Protection
and maintenance of heritage in its authentic form.
- Rehabilitation: Restoration
and reuse of heritage sites for modern purposes.
- Encroachment: Unlawful
occupation or construction on heritage sites.
- Adaptive Reuse: Repurposing
old buildings for new functions while retaining heritage value.
- INTACH: Indian NGO
dedicated to heritage awareness and preservation.
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: A landmark
recognized for its cultural/natural significance.
- AMASR Act: Indian law
for the protection of ancient monuments and archaeological sites.
Comments
Post a Comment