MEDS 042: Block-5 (Unit 03) – Water Bodies, Waterways and Wetlands
UNIT 3: WATER BODIES, WATERWAYS AND WETLANDS
3.1 Introduction
Water bodies,
wetlands, and waterways form an essential part of the urban ecosystem. They
offer ecological services, support biodiversity, and are crucial for climate
regulation, urban resilience, and sustainable development.
3.2 Water Bodies: Concept, Importance and
Benefits
Water bodies refer to
natural or man-made accumulations of surface water such as lakes, ponds,
reservoirs, tanks, and rivers.
Importance
and Benefits:
·
Groundwater recharge
·
Temperature regulation and microclimate maintenance
·
Habitat for aquatic flora and fauna
·
Recreation and aesthetics
·
Water storage for domestic and industrial use
·
Cultural and religious significance
3.3 Waterways: Concept and Significance
Waterways are
navigable bodies of water including rivers, canals, and backwaters used for
transportation.
Significance:
·
Environmentally friendly transport mode
·
Cost-effective for bulk cargo movement
·
Reduces road congestion and emissions
·
Promotes regional trade and economic integration
·
Enhances connectivity in urban and rural areas
3.4 Wetlands: Concept and Significance
Wetlands are areas
saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, including marshes,
swamps, bogs, and estuaries.
Significance:
·
Act as natural sponges absorbing excess rainwater
·
Filter pollutants and improve water quality
·
Support rich biodiversity
·
Buffer against floods and storms
·
Store carbon and regulate greenhouse gases
3.5 Economic Value of Wetlands
·
Provision of water and food (fish, fodder, reeds)
·
Ecotourism and recreational income
·
Flood mitigation reduces disaster recovery costs
·
Water purification lowers treatment costs
·
Employment generation through fishing and farming activities
3.6 Ecological and Water Footprints of Urban
Area
·
Ecological Footprint: Measures
the demand of urban population on nature (land, water, energy use).
·
Water Footprint: Total
volume of freshwater used directly or indirectly by a city.
Urbanization increases footprints due to rising consumption, pollution, and
land conversion.
3.7 Revitalisation of Water Bodies
·
Restoration of degraded lakes, ponds, and canals
·
Desilting, clearing encroachments, and pollution control
·
Creation of buffer zones and green belts
·
Community involvement and awareness programs
·
Use of GIS for monitoring and planning
·
Policy integration with urban planning and smart city initiatives
3.8 Let Us Sum Up
Urban water
bodies, wetlands, and waterways are vital for ecological stability, urban
resilience, and sustainable development. Their conservation, proper valuation,
and integration into planning are crucial to mitigate the impacts of
urbanization.
3.9 Keywords
- Water Bodies: Natural or
artificial surface water features like lakes, ponds, tanks, and reservoirs.
- Waterways: Navigable
water routes such as rivers and canals used for transportation.
- Wetlands:
Water-saturated ecosystems like marshes, bogs, and swamps supporting
biodiversity.
- Groundwater Recharge: Process by
which water seeps into the ground to replenish aquifers.
- Ecological Footprint: Measure of
human demand on Earth's ecosystems and natural resources.
- Water Footprint: Total
freshwater used by individuals, communities, or industries.
- Urban Flooding: Inundation
caused by poor drainage and encroachment on water bodies.
- Revitalisation: Restoration
and ecological recovery of degraded water systems.
- Blue Infrastructure: Urban
planning concept focusing on integrating water systems with city
infrastructure.
- Ramsar Site: Wetlands of
international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention.
- Siltation:
Accumulation of sediments reducing the depth and capacity of water bodies.
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