MEDS 042: Block-5 (Unit 03) – Water Bodies, Waterways and Wetlands

 UNIT 3: WATER BODIES, WATERWAYS AND WETLANDS


3.1 Introduction

Water bodies, wetlands, and waterways form an essential part of the urban ecosystem. They offer ecological services, support biodiversity, and are crucial for climate regulation, urban resilience, and sustainable development.


3.2 Water Bodies: Concept, Importance and Benefits

Water bodies refer to natural or man-made accumulations of surface water such as lakes, ponds, reservoirs, tanks, and rivers.
Importance and Benefits:

·         Groundwater recharge

·         Temperature regulation and microclimate maintenance

·         Habitat for aquatic flora and fauna

·         Recreation and aesthetics

·         Water storage for domestic and industrial use

·         Cultural and religious significance


3.3 Waterways: Concept and Significance

Waterways are navigable bodies of water including rivers, canals, and backwaters used for transportation.
Significance:

·         Environmentally friendly transport mode

·         Cost-effective for bulk cargo movement

·         Reduces road congestion and emissions

·         Promotes regional trade and economic integration

·         Enhances connectivity in urban and rural areas


3.4 Wetlands: Concept and Significance

Wetlands are areas saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, including marshes, swamps, bogs, and estuaries.
Significance:

·         Act as natural sponges absorbing excess rainwater

·         Filter pollutants and improve water quality

·         Support rich biodiversity

·         Buffer against floods and storms

·         Store carbon and regulate greenhouse gases


3.5 Economic Value of Wetlands

·         Provision of water and food (fish, fodder, reeds)

·         Ecotourism and recreational income

·         Flood mitigation reduces disaster recovery costs

·         Water purification lowers treatment costs

·         Employment generation through fishing and farming activities


3.6 Ecological and Water Footprints of Urban Area

·         Ecological Footprint: Measures the demand of urban population on nature (land, water, energy use).

·         Water Footprint: Total volume of freshwater used directly or indirectly by a city.
Urbanization increases footprints due to rising consumption, pollution, and land conversion.


3.7 Revitalisation of Water Bodies

·         Restoration of degraded lakes, ponds, and canals

·         Desilting, clearing encroachments, and pollution control

·         Creation of buffer zones and green belts

·         Community involvement and awareness programs

·         Use of GIS for monitoring and planning

·         Policy integration with urban planning and smart city initiatives


3.8 Let Us Sum Up

Urban water bodies, wetlands, and waterways are vital for ecological stability, urban resilience, and sustainable development. Their conservation, proper valuation, and integration into planning are crucial to mitigate the impacts of urbanization.


3.9 Keywords

  • Water Bodies: Natural or artificial surface water features like lakes, ponds, tanks, and reservoirs.
  • Waterways: Navigable water routes such as rivers and canals used for transportation.
  • Wetlands: Water-saturated ecosystems like marshes, bogs, and swamps supporting biodiversity.
  • Groundwater Recharge: Process by which water seeps into the ground to replenish aquifers.
  • Ecological Footprint: Measure of human demand on Earth's ecosystems and natural resources.
  • Water Footprint: Total freshwater used by individuals, communities, or industries.
  • Urban Flooding: Inundation caused by poor drainage and encroachment on water bodies.
  • Revitalisation: Restoration and ecological recovery of degraded water systems.
  • Blue Infrastructure: Urban planning concept focusing on integrating water systems with city infrastructure.
  • Ramsar Site: Wetlands of international importance designated under the Ramsar Convention.
  • Siltation: Accumulation of sediments reducing the depth and capacity of water bodies.

 

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