MEV 015: Unit 08 - Noise Pollution and Its Impact

Unit 8: Noise Pollution and Its Impact

8.1 Introduction

Noise pollution refers to the presence of unwanted or excessive sound in the environment that disturbs human life and natural ecosystems. Unlike other forms of pollution, noise cannot be seen or smelled, but it affects people physically and mentally. With increasing urbanization, traffic, industries, and loudspeakers, noise pollution has become a growing problem, especially in cities.

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8.2 Objectives

This unit aims to:

·         Define noise pollution and understand its sources

·         Explain noise standards and acceptable levels of sound

·         Describe the harmful effects of noise on human health

·         Discuss protective measures to reduce noise pollution

·         Examine real-life examples of noise pollution in urban areas

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8.3 Noise Pollution, Sources and Standards

Noise pollution is unwanted or disturbing sound that interferes with normal activities such as sleeping, communication, or work. Sound is measured in decibels (dB). Sounds above 85 dB are considered harmful if a person is exposed for a long time.

Sources of noise pollution include:

·         Traffic noise from cars, buses, trains, and airplanes

·         Industrial noise from machines in factories and construction sites

·         Household noise from appliances, music systems, and loudspeakers

·         Social noise from markets, festivals, marriage processions, and public events

To protect people from harmful noise, governments set noise level standards. In India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has defined noise limits for different areas:

·         Residential areas: up to 55 dB during day, 45 dB at night

·         Commercial areas: up to 65 dB during day, 55 dB at night

·         Industrial areas: up to 75 dB during day, 70 dB at night

·         Silent zones (hospitals, schools): up to 50 dB during day, 40 dB at night

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8.4 Health Hazards

Exposure to high noise levels can have serious health effects. Some of the common health hazards include:

·         Hearing loss or permanent damage to the ears

·         Sleep disturbances and fatigue

·         Stress, anxiety, and irritation

·         Increased blood pressure and heart rate

·         Poor concentration and reduced work efficiency
In children, noise can also affect learning ability and behavior.

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8.5 Protective Measures

Several steps can be taken to reduce and control noise pollution:

·         Use of silencers in vehicles and machines

·         Planting trees as they absorb sound

·         Soundproofing buildings near roads, airports, and factories

·         Using low-volume public address systems

·         Zoning regulations to keep industrial areas away from residential zones

·         Awareness campaigns to educate people about the harmful effects of noise

Strict enforcement of noise rules, especially during festivals and public events, is also important.

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8.6 Urban Cases of Noise Pollution

In cities, noise pollution is a daily problem. Heavy traffic, construction work, honking, and loudspeakers during religious or social events contribute to high noise levels. For example, in metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore, noise levels often cross the safe limit, especially during festivals, weddings, or rush hours. Continuous exposure to such noise makes life uncomfortable and unhealthy for residents.

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8.7 Let Us Sum Up

Noise pollution is an invisible threat that affects both human health and the environment. It comes from various sources such as vehicles, machines, and social events. Prolonged exposure to high noise can cause hearing problems, stress, and other serious health issues. Setting noise standards, using protective measures, and spreading awareness are key to reducing noise pollution, especially in busy urban areas.