MEV 019: Unit 13 - Organisation of Reports and Thesis

 UNIT 13: ORGANISATION OF REPORTS AND THESES


13.1 Introduction

In academic and research activities, reports and theses play a crucial role in presenting findings, arguments, and analyses in a structured and verifiable way.
They serve as formal documentation of work done, methods used, and conclusions drawn.
Whether it’s a research report, a project dissertation, or a doctoral thesis, effective organisation ensures clarity, credibility, and academic value.


13.2 Objectives

After studying this unit, you will be able to:

  • Define what a report and a thesis are.
  • Explain the need for reports and theses.
  • Distinguish between reports, dissertations, and theses.
  • Identify different types of reports and theses.
  • Understand the standard layout and structure.
  • Apply principles of academic writing such as clarity, objectivity, and accuracy.
  • Recognise the importance of citation, editing, and proofreading.

13.3 What is a Report?

A report is a structured and factual document prepared for a specific purpose and audience.
It presents information clearly and logically, often based on investigation, research, or analysis, with conclusions and recommendations.

Examples:

  • Laboratory report
  • Business feasibility report
  • Field survey report

13.4 What is a Thesis?

A thesis is a lengthy, original piece of academic writing that presents the author’s research and findings, usually submitted as part of a postgraduate degree.
It involves:

  • Identifying a problem or research question.
  • Reviewing existing literature.
  • Designing and conducting research.
  • Analysing results.
  • Drawing conclusions and discussing implications.

13.5 Need for Reports/Theses

  • Documentation of research work for reference.
  • Communication of results to peers, institutions, or policymakers.
  • Evaluation of student or researcher’s skills.
  • Contribution to existing body of knowledge.

13.6 Difference between Report, Dissertation, and Thesis

Feature

Report

Dissertation

Thesis

Purpose

Inform or recommend

Partial fulfilment of degree

Fulfilment of advanced degree

Length

Short to medium

Longer

Longest

Original Research

Not always required

Often required

Required

Depth of Analysis

Limited

Moderate

In-depth


13.7 Types of Reports

  1. Research Reports – Present outcomes of research projects.
  2. Technical Reports – Focus on technical findings and procedures.
  3. Progress Reports – Provide updates on ongoing work.
  4. Feasibility Reports – Evaluate viability of proposed projects.
  5. Case Study Reports – Analyse specific instances in detail.

13.8 Types of Theses

  • Undergraduate Thesis – Shorter, often a final-year project.
  • Master’s Thesis – More detailed, includes primary research.
  • Doctoral Thesis/Dissertation – Extensive research, new contributions to knowledge.

13.9 Layout and Structure

A standard academic report/thesis includes:

  1. Preliminary Pages
    • Title page
    • Acknowledgements
    • Abstract
    • Table of contents
    • List of figures/tables
  2. Main Text
    • Introduction
    • Literature review
    • Methodology
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Conclusion
  3. End Matter
    • References
    • Appendices

13.10 Components and Language

13.10.1 Academic Writing Style is Formal

Avoid slang, contractions, and personal anecdotes unless contextually required.

13.10.2 Clarity

Write in simple, precise sentences. Avoid ambiguity.

13.10.3 Objectivity

Present facts and evidence, avoiding personal bias.

13.10.4 Accuracy

Ensure data, facts, and references are correct and verifiable.

13.10.5 Description and Narration

Use descriptive detail for methodology and narrative flow for discussion.

13.10.6 Analysis vs Data Dumping

Interpret the data rather than merely listing it.

13.10.7 Cohesion and Brevity

Ensure logical flow between sections while keeping writing concise.


13.10.8 Citation of Sources/References

  • Use recognised formats such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.
  • Cite all ideas, quotes, and data not your own to avoid plagiarism.

13.10.9 Language Components

  • Correct grammar and syntax.
  • Consistent tense usage.
  • Appropriate technical vocabulary.

13.10.10 Editing and Proofreading

  • Correct spelling and grammar errors.
  • Ensure consistency in style and formatting.
  • Verify all figures, tables, and references.

13.11 Let Us Sum Up

  • Reports and theses are formal, structured academic documents.
  • They differ in purpose, depth, and length.
  • Organisation, clarity, and accuracy are essential.
  • Proper citation, editing, and proofreading enhance quality.

13.12 Key Words

  • Report – Structured factual document for a specific audience.
  • Thesis – Academic document presenting original research.
  • Dissertation – A thesis usually submitted for a postgraduate degree.
  • Citation – Acknowledgement of information sources.
  • Objectivity – Presentation without personal bias.

 

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