MEVE 017: Unit 15 - Population and Environment
UNIT 15: POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
15.0 Introduction
This unit explores how the growing human
population affects the natural environment. It discusses the history
and future of population growth, how it influences food supply, resource use,
and overall environmental health. The unit also looks at food security,
and how materialism and consumption are creating more pressure on
the Earth’s limited resources.
15.1 Objectives
By the end of this unit, you will be
able to:
- Understand how population growth
impacts the environment
- Learn about global population
trends and age structures
- Understand the meaning and
challenges of food security
- Explore how increasing
materialism and consumption affect natural resources
15.2 Population
Explosion and Its Impact on Environment
15.2.1 History of
Population Increase
The global population remained low and
stable for thousands of years. However, after the Industrial Revolution,
better healthcare, sanitation, and food production caused the population to
grow rapidly, especially in the last two centuries.
15.2.2 Population
Estimates and Projections
Current estimates show that the world
population has crossed 8 billion and is still growing. Future
projections suggest that the population may reach 9–10 billion by 2050,
creating further stress on the planet’s resources.
15.2.3 The Most
Populous Countries of the World
Countries like India, China, the
USA, Indonesia, and Pakistan have the largest populations. Managing
resources in such densely populated nations is a big challenge.
15.2.4 Projected
Growth of the Global Population
Most of the future population growth
will happen in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa. This
growth will demand more food, water, energy, and land, leading to environmental
degradation.
15.2.5 Population
Age Structure and Population Pyramids
Population pyramids are graphical tools that show the age
and gender distribution of a country’s people. Countries with a young
population may face pressure on education and jobs, while those with an aging
population may face healthcare and workforce shortages.
15.2.6 Impact of
Population on Environment
A growing population increases the
demand for natural resources, leads to more pollution, deforestation,
loss of biodiversity, and adds pressure on food and water supplies.
Urbanization and overuse of land degrade the environment.
15.3 Food
Security
15.3.1 Dimensions
of Food Security
Food security means that all people,
at all times, should have enough nutritious food to live a healthy life.
It includes:
- Availability (enough
food is produced)
- Access (people can
afford it)
- Utilization (food is
nutritious and safe)
15.3.2 Causes of
Food Insecurity
Food insecurity can be caused by poverty,
natural disasters, wars, climate change, poor governance, and population
pressure. When land and water are overused, food production suffers.
15.3.3 Challenges
of Food Security
Ensuring food for everyone in a
growing world population is a big challenge. Issues like climate change,
soil degradation, and loss of arable land make it harder to grow
enough food sustainably.
15.4 Materialism
and Consumption
15.4.1
Materialism
Materialism is the belief that owning more things
leads to happiness and success. In modern society, this idea promotes
over-buying and waste, often ignoring the environmental cost.
15.4.2
Consumption
As people consume more food, fuel,
clothing, and technology, more waste, pollution, and resource
depletion occur. High levels of consumption in rich countries and
increasing demands in developing countries are major contributors to
environmental problems.
15.5 Let Us Sum
Up
Population growth affects every part
of the environment—from land, water, and forests to air and biodiversity.
Managing food security, promoting sustainable consumption, and reducing
materialistic lifestyles are important steps to protect the planet. As the
population continues to grow, balancing human needs with environmental limits
is a major challenge for the future.
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